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Humanitarian intervention and the Responsibility to Protect during the Syrian crisis
Hrčková, Jana ; Faix, Martin (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
The aim of the work is to analyze the concepts of humanitarian intervention and responsibility to protect (R2P) with special emphasis on their development in the light of the ongoing Syrian crisis. The text follows the evolution of humanitarian intervention into R2P and introduces theoretical assumptions behind both concepts. It is argued that at the moment, R2P does not bring particularly novel concepts into the international law and can be generally described as a hybrid of legal, political and moral obligations. Consequently, the text includes a case study of the Syrian conflict and an evaluation of the way R2P has been applied during the crisis. Final section of the work is devoted to a suggestion of a new solution for R2P - responsibility while protecting.
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Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for Protection of Human Rights
Chrtová, Michaela ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
This thesis Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for the Protection of Human Rights deals with, as the title suggests, collective actions for the protection of human rights with the mandate of the UN Security Council. The thesis is divided into an introduction, conclusion, and four chapters. In the first chapter, the system of human rights protection is described, as it was set up within the newly-formed United Nations after World War II. This chapter also deals with collective actions of the UN Security Council, with or without the use of force, on a theoretical level, e.g. their authorization and possibility of measures that can be taken within the UN system against the perpetrator. Second chapter deals with examples of collective actions of the UN Security Council during the Cold War period. In this era, collective actions of the UN Security Council were authorized only twice, in case of South Africa as a reaction to their policy of apartheid, and in case of South Rhodesia as a reaction to the unilateral declaration of independence by the white minority government. Both cases are described in the chapter. The following chapter describes the development of human rights theories after the end of Cold War. With the end of the bipolar system, there is a shift in the perception of human...
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The UN Security Council: the Voting Procedure and Effectiveness
Minárová, Martina ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with the UN Security Council (SC), its voting procedure and effectiveness. A hypothetic change of the SC voting procedure is applied in the thesis. Such change consists in establishing the requirement of at least two or more negative votes of the SC permanent members for a draft resolution to be rejected. The goal is to discover what would be the consequences of the hypothetic change of Security Council voting procedure on voting outcomes. In addition, I aim to find out how would change the ability of the Security Council permanent members to further their national interests? Analysis is focused on the blocked SC resolutions with the negative vote of only one of its five permanent members. In the last part of the analysis I aim to discover, whether there is any connection between the structure of the SC voting procedure in the security issues discussed in the GA. Analysis is based on the presumption, that some security issues do not become a matter of the SC voting process due to the negative vote of one of its permanent members in the GA. Such issues would be probably blocked in the SC. It means that certain security issues do not appear in the Security Council due to the structure of its voting procedure.
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Reform of the UN Security Council and the associated stumbling block
Jindřich, Petr ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
Reform of the UN Security Council and a stumbling block associated with it - abstract This thesis deals with matter of the Security Council reform, the most crucial body of the United Nations. It examines approaches of eleven specific countries which are divided into two groups. The first group is comprised by permanent members of the Security Council, the second one by states which, in case of their creation, could claim new permanent seats in this body. This thesis examines not only their real policies, but also their policies from theoretical - specifically neorealistic - point of view. Two different hypotheses were deduced from neorealism which were tested and subsequently evaluated as (in)valid. Hypothesis emerging from a standard neorealism put emphasis on policy whose goal is to maintain, alternatively to increase a state's autonomy (autonomy-seeking policy). International organizations are viewed as entity which limits, to some extent, this autonomy. On the other hand, hypothesis emerging from a modified neorealism put emphasis on policy whose goal is to gain, alternatively to increase influence on other actors (influence-seeking policy). On the contrary, within this policy international organizations are an useful entity because it is possible to achieve such an influence by means of them. In the...
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Classification of instruments in approved United Nations Security Council resolutions in 1991-2019
Novotná, Barbora ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the debate concerning the rise of authority of International organizations (IOs) since the end of the cold war. This thesis works with the concepts of authority, "pooling" and "delegation" - these concepts describe how member states of IOs transmit their powers and competences to international organizations. This thesis deals with the study of state sovereignty and intrusiveness into state sovereignty as with the rise of globalization the importance of state territory decreases. State and non-state actors more and more with or without the consent of state actors interfere with state sovereignty of others. This work attempts to show this phenomenon on a study of approved United Nations Security Council resolutions between 1992 and 2019. From these resolutions were collected and categorized instruments according to how the Security Council interferes with state sovereignty by which it exercises its authority in the international system. A dataset was created consisting of approximately the third of all approved resolutions in this period (616 resolutions from 1778). In this dataset we can find almost 12 000 instruments categorized in 83 categories on the scale of index i from 0 to 5 according to how these instruments interfere with state sovereignty....
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The reform of the UN Security Council: possible reform steps from the perspective of legitimacy
Dorosh, Diana ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The UN Security Council has an irreplaceable position in the international system. However, its legitimacy has often been questioned after the Cold War. For this reason, the bachelor thesis tries to answer the question how possible reform steps can affect the legitimacy of the UNSC. I define concrete reform steps from the four reform proposals presented in the current debate on the Council's reform. With regard to that the examined proposals focus mainly on changing the SC's decision-making process, to assess the impact of reform steps on legitimacy, I evaluate whether they can meet procedural standards, which are considered to be sources of institutiona l legitimization. For my research, I choose the following procedural standards: representation, participation, transparency, accountability and avoiding the domination of the powers. Simultaneously, the analytical part of the thesis tries to consider in brief what influences the implementation of defined reform steps can have on the effectiveness of the Security Council, and whether political reform is possible at all. Thanks to this research,I conclude that only two of the five reform steps, I examined, have a chance to be implemented, and can contribute at least to a partial increase of Council's legitimacy.
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UNAMIR: A Failure of the UN?
Novák, Tomáš ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the causes, course and the subsequent evaluation in respect of the UNAMIR peacekeeping mission in Rwanda, which was established by the UN Security Council, and the main purpose of which was to monitor the proper fulfilment of the Arusha Peace Agreement. The thesis acquaints the reader with the historical context of the conflict arisen between the members of the Tutsi and Hutu tribes in Rwanda, which finally lead to genocide. It analyses the world's approach towards the fastest genocide in history, especially then by the United Nations being the principal peace creator in the world. The thesis focuses in detail on the role of the individual UN bodies, in particular of the Security Council, the Secretariat, the Secretary-General and also the Mission Commander, General Roméo Dallaire. The thesis consequently analyses the functioning of the UN as a whole, its actions in respect of preventing the conflict and the following genocide, and whether it is only the UN who deserves the blame for the failure and infringement of the Arusha Peace Agreement.
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Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for Protection of Human Rights
Chrtová, Michaela ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
This thesis Collective Actions of the UN Security Council for the Protection of Human Rights deals with, as the title suggests, collective actions for the protection of human rights with the mandate of the UN Security Council. The thesis is divided into an introduction, conclusion, and four chapters. In the first chapter, the system of human rights protection is described, as it was set up within the newly-formed United Nations after World War II. This chapter also deals with collective actions of the UN Security Council, with or without the use of force, on a theoretical level, e.g. their authorization and possibility of measures that can be taken within the UN system against the perpetrator. Second chapter deals with examples of collective actions of the UN Security Council during the Cold War period. In this era, collective actions of the UN Security Council were authorized only twice, in case of South Africa as a reaction to their policy of apartheid, and in case of South Rhodesia as a reaction to the unilateral declaration of independence by the white minority government. Both cases are described in the chapter. The following chapter describes the development of human rights theories after the end of Cold War. With the end of the bipolar system, there is a shift in the perception of human...
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Humanitarian intervention and the Responsibility to Protect during the Syrian crisis
Hrčková, Jana ; Faix, Martin (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
The aim of the work is to analyze the concepts of humanitarian intervention and responsibility to protect (R2P) with special emphasis on their development in the light of the ongoing Syrian crisis. The text follows the evolution of humanitarian intervention into R2P and introduces theoretical assumptions behind both concepts. It is argued that at the moment, R2P does not bring particularly novel concepts into the international law and can be generally described as a hybrid of legal, political and moral obligations. Consequently, the text includes a case study of the Syrian conflict and an evaluation of the way R2P has been applied during the crisis. Final section of the work is devoted to a suggestion of a new solution for R2P - responsibility while protecting.
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The UN Security Council: the Voting Procedure and Effectiveness
Minárová, Martina ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with the UN Security Council (SC), its voting procedure and effectiveness. A hypothetic change of the SC voting procedure is applied in the thesis. Such change consists in establishing the requirement of at least two or more negative votes of the SC permanent members for a draft resolution to be rejected. The goal is to discover what would be the consequences of the hypothetic change of Security Council voting procedure on voting outcomes. In addition, I aim to find out how would change the ability of the Security Council permanent members to further their national interests? Analysis is focused on the blocked SC resolutions with the negative vote of only one of its five permanent members. In the last part of the analysis I aim to discover, whether there is any connection between the structure of the SC voting procedure in the security issues discussed in the GA. Analysis is based on the presumption, that some security issues do not become a matter of the SC voting process due to the negative vote of one of its permanent members in the GA. Such issues would be probably blocked in the SC. It means that certain security issues do not appear in the Security Council due to the structure of its voting procedure.
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